Why Solar Energy? Why Tanzania? Why us?
Factors / Energy | Solar | Fossil Fuels | Wind | Nuclear | Hydropower | Why? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Availability | * | Sun rises every day and every place but Other are related to geoghraphical situation | ||||
Harmful Carbon Emissions | * | * | * | * | Burning fossil fuels emits carbon dioxide as a byproduct while other don't | |
Cost | * | Research has shown the cost of solar energy has decreased by 73% over the last ten years. | ||||
Efficiency | * | * | * | * | fossil fuel wastes a ton of energy during its conversion. For instance, a car engine converts 20% of gasoline into energy and 80% to heat energy. | |
Repetitively used energy sources | * | * | Solar and wind Energy despite others aren't one-time use and can use again and again | |||
Perpetual source | * | * | Solar and wind Energy despite others won't vanish one day and are available for perpetual use | |||
Eco-friendly source | * | * | Burning fossil fuels and emitting carbon dioxide as a byproduct , Nuclear Energy and its Radioactive Wastage and nuclear bomb's risk , Hydropower and its damages to river echosystems by damming | |||
Production Cost | * | solar energy because of its symple process to gain energy is really acceptable By considering this fact that solar energy by improving technology getting more none expensive than other source of energy | ||||
Maintenance cost | * | * | solar panels during 25 years don't need any specific maintenance and their equipments are really none expensive rather than other source of energy generators | |||
Production Quantity | * | * | * | Solar and wind power technology are allocated only 10% of energy usage in the world, But by improving technology, this portion changes and will increased signifantly during comming years | ||
Space Constraint | * | * | * | Solar and wind power needs space (roof , yard , ... ) because they generate energy in place while other source have different methodolgy | ||
Initial Costs | * | * | * | Initial Costs of Solar Installation and wind power are high because they generate energy in place | ||
Weather Conditions | Weather Conditions Affecting Power Output in solar and wind energy but in others don't | |||||
Technology trend | * | Technology trend causes cost of generating energy in Solar systems significantly decreases in near future rather than other source of generating energy | ||||
Factors / Energy | Solar | Fossil Fuels | Wind | Nuclear | Hydropower | Why? |
Solar energy is simply energy provided by the sun. With the use of technology, man is able to harness the sun's energy and make it usable to power different equipment(s).
Solar energy is an important source of renewable energy. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the earth in one year is estimated to be twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined.
Many panel manufacturers today are competing for the bragging rights as to the most efficient solar panel. Below is a list of 5 manufacturers bringing to market some of the highest efficiency residential solar panels in 2020:
SunPower, in addition to regularly setting and re-setting the bar for the single highest efficiency panel on the market, has also positioned themselves as the premium equipment manufacturer across the board. With multiple offerings above 20% efficiency, you always know you’re considering a top tier panel when shopping Sunpower.
LG, ever since breaking into the solar market, has been expected to deliver high quality products. And while they have certainly delivered on those expectations since the beginning, they have really raised the bar recently with their NeON 2 series and NeON R series which feature modules surpassing 21% efficiency.
REC Founded in Norway in 1996, REC Group is the leading European brand for Solar panels and has been providing sustainable and high-performance products, services, and, investments for the solar industry for over 20 years. REC panels undergo stringent internal testing and third-party certifications, due to which the company touts that it has set the industry benchmark for quality. REC manufactures a wide array of panels, ranging in both efficiency and power. However, REC’s Alpha Series offers 5 panel options ranging from 360-380 W, all at above 20% efficiency and topping out at 21.7%. REC utilizes a unique, hybrid manufacturing technique referred to as heterojunction which combines crystalline and thin film material in order to deliver high density powered 60 cell panels.
Solaria strives to differentiate themselves through cutting edge technology. Unlike most solar panels, Solaria panels have no busbars which help to avoid failure points and efficiency loss, parallel substrings to improve efficiency in less optimal conditions, and patented technology that cuts solar cells into overlapped strips which leads to a sleek and unmatched jetblack aesthetic. Check out Solaria’s advanced panel technology to learn more.
Panasonic has a focus on quality over quantity. Since 1975, Panasonic has been at the forefront of research and development in the solar energy industry. It started with their work in amorphous solar cells, which are types of thin-film solar cells. Now, Panasonic’s solar offerings fall under the HIT trademark, featuring silicon heterojunction solar cell technology. With less residential panel offerings than other manufacturers, consumers can rest assured that any panel from Panasonic is going to score high on efficiency rating. Panasonic designs their panels via a unique pyramid structure, with bifacial cells and an innovative water drainage system; all to maximize efficiency. Whether it is their well known 330W panels at 19.7% efficiency or their newly released 340W panels at 20.3% efficiency, there’s never a question of quality when going Panasonic.
On average, one in three Africans has access to electricity – but this figure is strongly affected by a handful of countries that are doing exceptionally well in terms of providing electricity, such as South Africa (75 percent coverage) and Ghana (60 percent). Amongst Tanzania’s neighbors the situation is less impressive. Malawi and Uganda have even lower access rates (at nine percent), while Kenya and Zambia are doing only slightly better than Tanzania. Yet, Africa can look to achievements in other regions, where the majority of the population is connected to the electrical grid, including the developing countries of East Asia (more than 90 percent coverage) and South Asia (62 percent).
It is estimated that the electricity grid in Tanzania services only about 36% of the population.
Historically with the country very dependent on hydro-electric generation, prolonged periods of drought during the early years of the 21st century severely reduced electricity generation capacity (between 25% to 45%). In 2006, Tanzania suffered a series of crippling “load-shedding” or power-rationing episodes caused by a shortfall of generated power from the hydro-electric generating stations.
Today businesses in the country are predominantly dependent on expensive diesel-generated power.
************* Only 14 percent of the Tanzanian population has access to electricity in 2010.
************* Rural areas are virtually disconnected from the national electrical grid: Only three percent of people living in rural villages use electricity, while 95 percent use firewood for cooking.
************* Access to electricity is almost zero for the two poorest quintiles of households even in urban areas.
************* Annual electric power consumption stands at less than 90 kilowatt-hours per capita, just enough to power one light bulb per person for three hours every day.
************* Over the past decade, Tanzania has increased access to electricity at a rate of less than one percentage point per year. At this rate, it would take well into the 22nd century to achieve universal electrification.
************* When managers of firms are asked directly about the most serious problems they face in conducting business, electricity comes out as their number one concern. Almost 75 percent of Tanzanian enterprises consider routine load shedding and power outages as the most serious constraint to doing business, while another 15 percent mention it as a significant problem.---------------------------
Of course, there are a number of reasons why progress in improving access to electricity has been slow. Expanding the electric grid to remote rural areas requires significant upfront capital investments and public subsidies, which often conflict with funding to other well-needed public services and investments, such as education, health and road infrastructure. An increase in power access also requires substantial investments along the production chain and in the transmission to firms and households.
Mr. January Makamba is elected Member of Parliament and Minister of Energy in Tanzania. He had previously served as Minister of Environment and earlier Deputy Minister of Communication, Science and Technology. Mr. Makamba graduated from Saint John's University, in Minnesota, USA, with a degree in Peace and Conflict Studies. And obtained a MSc in Conflict Analysis and Resolution from George Mason Universityin Virginia, USA. Previously he worked at the Jimmy Carter Presidential Center (Carter Center) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA and in Sierra Leone. Mr. Makamba was also a diplomat in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs before joining the State House as Senior Aide to President Jakaya Kikwete until he was elected a Member of Parliament for his home-district of Bumbuli. In Parliament, before joining the government, Mr. Makamba served as the Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee for Energy and Minerals. Mr. Makamba is a recipient of numerous recognitions including 2013 National Democratic Institute (NDI) Democracy Award for civic innovation. Mr. Makamba was also a Young Global Leader (YGL) of the World Economic Forum (WEF) and an Archbishop Desmond Tutu Leadership Fellow.
Solar Energy
https://data.worldbank.org/country/tanzania
Indicator Name | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1986 | 1985 | 1984 | 1983 | 1982 | 1981 | 1980 | 1979 | 1978 | 1977 | 1976 | 1975 | 1974 | 1973 | 1972 | 1971 | 1970 | 1969 | 1968 | 1967 | 1966 | 1965 | 1964 | 1963 | 1962 | 1961 | 1960 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people) | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | |
Food exports (% of merchandise exports) | 31 | 28 | 32 | 22 | 40 | 37 | 41 | 44 | 29 | 25 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 35 | 34 | 37 | 33 | 37 | 43 | 45 | 55 | 70 | 61 | 65 | 68 | 63 | 58 | 61 | 65 | 69 | 60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 | |
Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, primary products (%) | 29 | 23 | 23 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 13 | 19 | 19 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, manufactured products (%) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 20 | 18 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
International tourism, receipts (% of total exports) | 27 | 30 | 27 | 25 | 23 | 24 | 23 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 23 | 23 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 34 | 35 | 28 | 39 | 34 | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Completeness of birth registration, female (%) | 25 | 18 | 16 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population ages 75-79, female (% of female population) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Population ages 50-54, female (% of female population) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Population ages 15-64, male | 16,576,050 | 16,025,514 | 15,478,861 | 14,955,991 | 14,457,646 | 13,982,243 | 13,527,667 | 13,101,202 | 12,700,091 | 12,321,740 | 11,962,270 | 11,620,159 | 11,280,396 | 10,950,344 | 10,632,177 | 10,332,404 | 10,055,622 | 9,762,892 | 9,485,561 | 9,223,040 | 8,972,174 | 8,731,303 | 8,494,410 | 8,271,076 | 8,058,004 | 7,850,056 | 7,642,072 | 7,393,582 | 7,142,526 | 6,893,887 | 6,657,254 | 6,441,082 | 6,221,399 | 6,018,398 | 5,830,460 | 5,653,515 | 5,484,401 | 5,304,292 | 5,130,973 | 4,965,523 | 4,810,171 | 4,666,585 | 4,516,251 | 4,374,640 | 4,240,954 | 4,113,981 | 3,993,116 | 3,862,827 | 3,737,182 | 3,617,490 | 3,506,191 | 3,405,123 | 3,298,854 | 3,200,649 | 3,109,527 | 3,023,507 | 2,941,593 | 2,851,741 | 2,764,184 | 2,680,456 | 2,603,717 | 2,536,018 |
Population ages 00-04, female (% of female population) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 18 |
Contraceptive prevalence, any modern method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 32 | 27 | 20 | 23 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children in employment, wage workers (% of children in employment, ages 7-14) | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unemployment with basic education, male (% of male labor force with basic education) | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labor force with intermediate education (% of total working-age population with intermediate education) | 22 | 81 | 66 | 90 | 86 | 88 | 92 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labor force with advanced education, female (% of female working-age population with advanced education) | 31 | 88 | 63 | 84 | 73 | 100 | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average working hours of children, working only, female, ages 7-14 (hours per week) | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children in employment, self-employed, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14) | 2 | 10 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wage and salaried workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annualized average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, bottom 40% of population (%) | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | 77 | 80 | 84 | 96 | 91 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita (current US$) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of people spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height, female (% of children under 5) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, male (per 100,000 male population) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age, female (% of children under 5) | 14 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 27 | 25 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, female (per 100,000 female population) | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Condom use, population ages 15-24, male (% of males ages 15-24) | 46 | 42 | 39 | 36 | 37 | 26 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, female (% of 24 hour day) | 16 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current education expenditure, primary (% of total expenditure in primary public institutions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trained teachers in secondary education, female (% of female teachers) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary education, general pupils (% female) | 51 | 50 | 50 | 48 | 46 | 46 | 44 | 45 | 44 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 46 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 43 | 41 | 40 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 28 | 28 | |||||||||||||||
Lower secondary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group) | 35 | 36 | 30 | 27 | 33 | 33 | 36 | 19 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repeaters, primary, total (% of total enrollment) | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
School enrollment, primary, male (% net) | 80 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 83 | 86 | 91 | 99 | 97 | 91 | 87 | 82 | 73 | 58 | 53 | 49 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 56 | 62 | 64 | 69 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 69 | 66 | 69 | 68 | 62 | 65 | 70 | 77 | 82 | 95 | 91 | 104 | 83 | 72 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 56 | 51 | 59 | 49 | 59 | 57 | 59 | 56 | 63 | 48 | 63 | 69 | 72 | 80 | 123 | 94 | 88 | 77 | 39 | 36 | 32 | 28 | 25 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Compulsory education, duration (years) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adequacy of social insurance programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households) | 17 | 20 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adequacy of unemployment benefits and ALMP (% of total welfare of beneficiary households) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net primary income (Net income from abroad) (constant LCU) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GNI (constant LCU) | 105,190,006,091,772 | 98,548,896,122,286 | 92,556,675,397,417 | 87,415,731,843,417 | 81,991,581,453,735 | 76,879,163,388,727 | 73,266,350,971,535 | 68,077,622,827,532 | 64,522,737,088,137 | 61,240,661,245,021 | 57,831,713,156,702 | 54,799,906,974,911 | 50,516,467,769,652 | 47,276,590,777,345 | 44,014,801,233,039 | 41,499,058,818,208 | 38,111,054,469,312 | 36,435,919,345,027 | 34,909,726,946,909 | 33,291,938,855,328 | 31,912,915,240,482 | 30,974,557,368,371 | 29,292,263,514,475 | 28,093,595,311,789 | 27,565,336,305,436 | 27,163,354,192,435 | 27,052,077,869,847 | 26,389,382,629,669 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GDP per capita growth (annual %) | -1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -1 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$) | 59,125,387,967 | 56,713,980,874 | 55,604,104,228 | 52,534,435,780 | 49,853,353,615 | 46,602,529,265 | 43,429,309,602 | 40,611,322,246 | 37,706,803,020 | 35,662,547,734 | 33,990,377,039 | 31,697,103,984 | 29,735,974,788 | 28,436,258,147 | 26,886,140,295 | 25,184,623,307 | 23,646,304,531 | 22,000,158,686 | 20,470,680,176 | 19,194,451,305 | 17,924,442,481 | 16,897,010,911 | 16,171,634,709 | 15,421,045,549 | 14,831,035,350 | 14,354,801,787 | 13,776,558,407 | 13,302,373,029 | 13,118,691,864 | 13,066,596,298 | 12,833,226,183 | 12,486,099,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted net national income per capita (constant 2015 US$) | 883 | 925 | 896 | 872 | 829 | 782 | 730 | 678 | 605 | 631 | 633 | 637 | 636 | 638 | 632 | 593 | 553 | 530 | 520 | 477 | 461 | 449 | 429 | 372 | 338 | 321 | 302 | 295 | 316 | 343 | 334 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (current US$) | 6,259,000,000 | 6,646,000,000 | 5,947,000,000 | 6,446,000,000 | 6,669,000,000 | 6,945,000,000 | 8,701,000,000 | 9,081,000,000 | 9,482,000,000 | 6,549,000,000 | 5,442,000,000 | 4,367,000,000 | 3,502,000,000 | 2,477,000,000 | 2,054,000,000 | 2,064,000,000 | 2,065,000,000 | 1,961,000,000 | 1,906,000,000 | 1,986,000,000 | 2,124,000,000 | 2,157,000,000 | 2,215,000,000 | 1,501,000,000 | 1,419,000,000 | 1,209,000,000 | 1,019,000,000 | 1,051,000,000 | 1,072,000,000 | 1,081,000,000 | 932,500,000 | 934,700,000 | 1,123,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 32 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 23 | 31 | 31 | 35 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 24 | 26 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 49 | 62 | 32 | 30 | 36 | 46 | 32 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 30 | 32 | 33 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 33 | 29 | 26 | ||||||||||||||
Industry (including construction), value added per worker (constant 2015 US$) | 10,076 | 9,496 | 9,015 | 8,469 | 7,891 | 7,471 | 7,407 | 6,998 | 7,002 | 6,490 | 6,145 | 6,186 | 6,062 | 5,764 | 6,147 | 6,504 | 6,782 | 7,046 | 7,359 | 7,367 | 7,489 | 7,311 | 6,905 | 6,670 | 6,451 | 6,795 | 6,894 | 7,396 | 7,626 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports) | 38 | 39 | 40 | 37 | 34 | 38 | 38 | 40 | 38 | 36 | 35 | 24 | 32 | 30 | 34 | 35 | 27 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | |
ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 13 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 25 | 26 | 19 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |
Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bound rate, simple mean, all products (%) | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
International tourism, expenditures for passenger transport items (current US$) | 87,099,998 | 80,000,000 | 66,000,000 | 70,000,000 | 93,000,000 | 83,000,000 | 67,000,000 | 36,000,000 | 29,000,000 | 31,000,000 | 40,000,000 | 25,000,000 | 21,000,000 | 37,000,000 | 23,000,000 | 25,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 24,000,000 | 36,000,000 | 32,000,000 | 33,000,000 | 28,000,000 | 17,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Completeness of birth registration, rural (%) | 18 | 13 | 10 | 16 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population ages 80 and above, female (% of female population) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Population ages 55-59, female (% of female population) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Population ages 15-64, total | 33,232,356 | 32,138,191 | 31,053,602 | 30,015,326 | 29,024,583 | 28,078,281 | 27,172,514 | 26,318,920 | 25,514,111 | 24,753,898 | 24,031,752 | 23,345,453 | 22,675,303 | 22,026,441 | 21,401,861 | 20,812,604 | 20,266,571 | 19,688,763 | 19,138,761 | 18,615,941 | 18,115,423 | 17,635,021 | 17,160,573 | 16,712,798 | 16,284,864 | 15,866,022 | 15,445,902 | 14,944,739 | 14,437,627 | 13,935,058 | 13,456,846 | 13,020,355 | 12,579,121 | 12,171,656 | 11,794,608 | 11,439,797 | 11,101,017 | 10,742,153 | 10,397,168 | 10,068,055 | 9,758,988 | 9,473,142 | 9,174,457 | 8,892,696 | 8,626,415 | 8,373,523 | 8,133,101 | 7,873,960 | 7,623,972 | 7,385,787 | 7,164,346 | 6,963,346 | 6,752,729 | 6,558,470 | 6,378,126 | 6,206,954 | 6,042,600 | 5,861,964 | 5,684,133 | 5,512,823 | 5,355,755 | 5,218,040 |
Population ages 0-14, female | 13,161,473 | 12,861,425 | 12,572,337 | 12,277,316 | 11,977,215 | 11,675,611 | 11,376,089 | 11,067,699 | 10,757,585 | 10,449,240 | 10,147,375 | 9,853,975 | 9,569,181 | 9,300,325 | 9,043,131 | 8,788,225 | 8,528,877 | 8,295,422 | 8,062,319 | 7,835,180 | 7,623,914 | 7,433,672 | 7,271,663 | 7,125,588 | 6,983,384 | 6,829,497 | 6,654,703 | 6,489,726 | 6,304,440 | 6,107,322 | 5,908,607 | 5,714,232 | 5,549,961 | 5,393,759 | 5,242,773 | 5,093,260 | 4,942,521 | 4,805,552 | 4,669,318 | 4,533,377 | 4,396,839 | 4,258,829 | 4,136,000 | 4,013,959 | 3,892,144 | 3,769,843 | 3,646,308 | 3,535,518 | 3,424,844 | 3,314,539 | 3,204,397 | 3,094,167 | 2,998,287 | 2,903,850 | 2,811,257 | 2,721,720 | 2,635,418 | 2,562,278 | 2,494,257 | 2,429,046 | 2,361,995 | 2,289,968 |
Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 42 | 43 | 45 | 47 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 62 | 66 | 70 | 75 | 79 | 82 | 85 | 87 | 89 | 90 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 97 | 98 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 102 | 102 | 101 | 101 | 101 | 102 | 104 | 106 | 108 | 110 | 112 | 114 | 116 | 118 | 120 | 122 | 124 | 125 | 127 | 129 | 130 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | |
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum | 207,101 | 234,645 | 242,171 | 278,322 | 308,528 | 281,498 | 211,845 | 88,492 | 102,099 | 101,021 | 131,243 | 109,286 | 118,731 | 321,908 | 435,630 | 485,295 | 548,824 | 602,088 | 649,770 | 689,373 | 646,899 | 680,862 | 622,203 | 543,881 | 570,367 | 498,732 | 829,671 | 883,250 | 564,520 | 292,148 | 288,103 | 265,184 | 265,128 | 265,154 | 266,200 | 223,500 | 214,480 | 179,910 | 180,100 | 158,960 | 164,180 | 159,610 | 160,820 | 160,960 | 164,610 | 154,000 | 171,160 | 193,190 | 180,860 | 165,000 | 71,240 | 71,500 | 54,550 | 46,000 | 39,800 | 33,950 | 29,000 | 25,000 | 12,000 | 12,000 | 12,000 | |
Unemployment with intermediate education, female (% of female labor force with intermediate education) | 0 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Part time employment, male (% of total male employment) | 29 | 31 | 8 | 31 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labor force with advanced education (% of total working-age population with advanced education) | 30 | 94 | 66 | 93 | 79 | 96 | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average working hours of children, working only, male, ages 7-14 (hours per week) | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Child employment in services, female (% of female economically active children ages 7-14) | 6 | 19 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children in employment, unpaid family workers, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14) | 96 | 94 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Self-employed, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate) | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annualized average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, total population (%) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (% of total population) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Domestic private health expenditure (% of current health expenditure) | 23 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 33 | 36 | 34 | 29 | 27 | 35 | 39 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UHC service coverage index | 46 | 43 | 41 | 37 | 27 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height (% of children under 5) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
People using safely managed sanitation services, urban (% of urban population) | 35 | 35 | 34 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 25 | 27 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized (per 100,000 population) | 139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specialist surgical workforce (per 100,000 population) | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Antiretroviral therapy coverage (% of people living with HIV) | 82 | 74 | 66 | 59 | 53 | 48 | 43 | 35 | 30 | 19 | 18 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births) | 45 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 59 | 61 | 64 | 68 | 71 | 75 | 79 | 84 | 89 | 95 | 102 | 109 | 117 | 124 | 131 | 138 | 143 | 147 | 150 | 152 | 154 | 156 | 157 | 159 | 162 | 164 | 167 | 169 | 171 | 171 | 171 | 170 | 170 | 171 | 173 | 176 | 179 | 183 | 188 | 192 | 196 | 200 | 203 | 207 | 210 | 213 | 216 | 219 | 222 | 225 | 227 | 229 | 231 | 233 | |
Number of deaths ages 10-14 years | 6,514 | 6,433 | 6,329 | 6,197 | 6,051 | 5,883 | 5,661 | 5,440 | 5,206 | 4,994 | 4,832 | 4,734 | 4,696 | 4,713 | 4,775 | 4,860 | 4,941 | 5,025 | 5,116 | 5,213 | 5,321 | 5,452 | 5,584 | 5,711 | 5,819 | 5,908 | 5,940 | 5,926 | 5,883 | 5,826 | 5,755 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proportion of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of ever-partnered women ages 15-49) | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current education expenditure, tertiary (% of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Educational attainment, Doctoral or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trained teachers in lower secondary education, male (% of male teachers) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary | 21 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lower secondary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 33 | 34 | 30 | 27 | 31 | 36 | 40 | 21 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trained teachers in primary education, male (% of male teachers) | 99 | 99 | 93 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net intake rate in grade 1, male (% of official school-age population) | 49 | 72 | 64 | 88 | 86 | 78 | 77 | 92 | 30 | 13 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, male (%) (cumulative) | 71 | 57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coverage of social insurance programs (% of population) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP (% of population) | 1 | 6 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxes less subsidies on products (current LCU) | 16,359,566,707,000 | 11,936,453,000,000 | 11,285,542,000,000 | 10,169,738,000,000 | 9,787,724,200,600 | 8,938,666,759,500 | 7,864,579,414,200 | 6,410,207,578,300 | 5,470,981,215,800 | 4,635,323,000,000 | 3,905,724,354,300 | 3,371,182,697,100 | 2,970,562,490,800 | 2,601,722,706,200 | 2,181,359,383,600 | 1,852,226,281,400 | 1,523,093,179,100 | 1,112,644,656,400 | 926,319,742,700 | 784,724,435,900 | 681,619,467,600 | 589,345,789,000 | 477,363,061,300 | 468,048,709,000 | 421,859,000,000 | 315,083,000,000 | 223,859,000,000 | 173,542,000,000 | 117,774,000,000 | 93,958,000,000 | 96,680,000,000 | 70,687,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GNI, PPP (constant 2017 international $) | 131,217,326,623 | 122,932,996,882 | 115,458,112,021 | 109,045,137,114 | 102,278,881,081 | 95,901,489,768 | 91,394,753,771 | 84,922,170,862 | 80,487,694,427 | 76,393,529,650 | 72,141,100,437 | 68,359,129,918 | 63,015,832,943 | 58,974,308,341 | 54,905,449,332 | 51,767,233,008 | 47,540,929,676 | 45,451,313,363 | 43,547,492,897 | 41,529,413,078 | 39,809,175,588 | 38,638,638,424 | 36,540,092,086 | 35,044,835,617 | 34,385,868,695 | 33,884,423,546 | 33,745,613,957 | 32,918,947,042 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,933 | 2,780 | 2,773 | 2,652 | 2,531 | 2,479 | 2,348 | 2,244 | 2,195 | 2,099 | 2,229 | 2,088 | 1,998 | 1,941 | 1,853 | 1,739 | 1,628 | 1,511 | 1,408 | 1,331 | 1,257 | 1,190 | 1,141 | 1,098 | 1,072 | 1,043 | 1,006 | 979 | 975 | 973 | 978 | 959 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forest rents (% of GDP) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (current US$) | 15,990,000,000 | 12,360,000,000 | 10,170,000,000 | 7,496,000,000 | 5,351,000,000 | 5,511,000,000 | 3,251,000,000 | 472,400,000 | 888,900,000 | 2,607,000,000 | 4,355,000,000 | 5,032,000,000 | 3,325,000,000 | 3,055,000,000 | 2,544,000,000 | 2,062,000,000 | 1,313,000,000 | 805,200,000 | 149,800,000 | -19,573,339 | -384,500,000 | -123,500,000 | -814,000,000 | -859,100,000 | -841,800,000 | -1,000,000,000 | -963,200,000 | -893,600,000 | -979,500,000 | -736,100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (current US$) | 1,554,000,000 | 0 | 369,200,000 | 502,200,000 | 557,800,000 | 414,100,000 | 466,200,000 | 669,000,000 | 788,100,000 | 830,600,000 | 367,400,000 | 149,300,000 | 16,569,014 | 150,000,000 | 155,900,000 | 102,000,000 | 111,100,000 | 143,800,000 | 133,200,000 | 63,711,737 | 23,933,285 | 4,363,654 | 597,784 | 397,142 | 864,362 | 337,214 | 9,807,462 | 1,301,208 | 1,845,113 | 3,189,816 | 688,678 | 52,555 | 72,128 | 322,999 | 91,124 | 76,263 | 103,691 | 77,460 | 19,473 | 18,181 | 19,449 | 5,912 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 142,301 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -22 | 3 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 20 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 29 | 33 | 30 | 30 | 23 | 23 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 28 | 23 | 19 | 25 | 23 | 27 | ||||||||||||||
Manufacturing, value added (current LCU) | 12,931,501,131,700 | 12,175,266,182,800 | 11,872,085,926,000 | 10,418,776,379,100 | 9,102,281,681,100 | 8,467,126,262,500 | 7,411,671,784,400 | 7,533,518,999,800 | 6,648,876,171,300 | 5,881,780,406,900 | 5,154,023,298,300 | 3,871,882,499,900 | 3,327,750,840,300 | 2,925,124,005,600 | 2,397,981,279,100 | 2,059,578,652,000 | 1,874,923,143,800 | 1,669,466,335,600 | 1,482,244,127,000 | 1,280,416,162,700 | 1,126,705,317,800 | 1,055,434,775,400 | 967,985,954,200 | 895,757,922,600 | 295,272,000,000 | 254,326,000,000 | 200,525,000,000 | 157,445,000,000 | 120,479,000,000 | 104,589,000,000 | 88,720,000,000 | 70,472,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External balance on goods and services (current US$) | -1,844,514,319 | -632,381,788 | -576,762,105 | -1,803,781,692 | -1,044,223,419 | -1,354,112,552 | -3,102,283,162 | -4,605,555,977 | -4,844,972,004 | -3,816,540,631 | -4,469,925,197 | -2,697,322,830 | -2,077,597,083 | -2,821,310,612 | -1,834,232,501 | -1,107,446,905 | -550,598,660 | -253,157,242 | -39,963,680 | 150,428,849 | -48,342,623 | -316,033,148 | -595,742,666 | -722,176,856 | -727,769,360 | -779,955,471 | -916,141,420 | -1,037,990,436 | -1,265,580,817 | -1,238,320,355 | -1,158,706,026 | -1,057,594,259 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) | 43 | 43 | 43 | 39 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 35 | 31 | 31 | 36 | 34 | 32 | 29 | 26 | 22 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 25 | 27 | 26 | 26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) | 67,086,390,482 | 63,295,887,098 | 61,223,878,929 | 59,685,860,195 | 55,774,691,093 | 52,737,976,807 | 50,480,882,187 | 48,456,717,200 | 45,892,513,701 | 41,852,684,300 | 41,239,022,724 | 37,027,642,706 | 34,261,373,027 | 33,021,435,229 | 31,594,059,540 | 29,268,403,802 | 26,447,531,949 | 23,814,821,835 | 22,093,958,107 | 20,779,146,819 | 19,385,764,275 | 18,521,735,027 | 18,155,708,930 | 17,355,766,954 | 15,356,210,353 | 14,428,212,193 | 14,308,311,704 | 14,406,628,732 | 14,375,866,559 | 14,779,661,346 | 14,849,516,259 | 14,056,503,522 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statistical performance indicators (SPI): Pillar 1 data use score (scale 0-100) | 77 | 77 | 90 | 90 | 70 | 50 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CPIA macroeconomic management rating (1=low to 6=high) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Industrial design applications, resident, by count | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of visits or required meetings with tax officials (average for affected firms) | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Strength of legal rights index (0=weak to 12=strong) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Time required to obtain an operating license (days) | 19 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Public credit registry coverage (% of adults) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Human capital index (HCI) (scale 0-1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue) | 26 | 28 | 33 | 27 | 32 | 26 | 24 | 21 | 19 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU) | 17,944,886,976,498 | 16,128,113,420,000 | 13,439,851,890,000 | 10,739,896,618,000 | 10,108,947,993,000 | 8,292,276,200,000 | 7,056,632,300,000 | 5,570,414,000,000 | 4,645,218,000,000 | 4,645,218,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+) | 52 | 47 | 40 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lending interest rate (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 26 | 34 | 38 | 34 | 27 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total reserves in months of imports | 5 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population living in slums (% of urban population) | 40 | 42 | 51 | 64 | 66 | 70 | 74 | 77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bird species, threatened | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy related methane emissions (% of total) | 27 | 26 | 26 | 24 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
CO2 emissions (kt) | 12,450 | 12,000 | 11,830 | 11,200 | 11,690 | 10,710 | 10,810 | 9,870 | 8,190 | 6,910 | 5,930 | 6,080 | 5,910 | 6,050 | 5,660 | 5,080 | 3,760 | 3,570 | 3,130 | 2,950 | 2,520 | 2,690 | 2,890 | 3,070 | 2,730 | 1,910 | 1,920 | 1,860 | 1,870 | 1,890 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (kWh) | 42,000,000 | 40,000,000 | 36,000,000 | 32,000,000 | 34,000,000 | 25,000,000 | 5,000,000 | 3,000,000 | 2,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
Multilateral debt service (% of public and publicly guaranteed debt service) | 18 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 28 | 42 | 32 | 76 | 75 | 54 | 68 | 97 | 70 | 78 | 91 | 76 | 65 | 49 | 52 | 36 | 44 | 54 | 79 | 50 | 67 | 62 | 45 | 39 | 57 | 53 | 41 | 54 | 59 | 64 | 39 | 59 | 39 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 34 | 34 | 46 | 43 | 47 | 35 | 34 | 27 | 16 | 9 | |||||||||||
Net official development assistance received (current US$) | 2,275,040,039 | 2,124,520,020 | 2,453,629,883 | 2,584,419,922 | 2,316,530,029 | 2,583,340,088 | 2,649,149,902 | 3,429,870,117 | 2,822,159,912 | 2,441,199,951 | 2,960,310,059 | 3,127,199,951 | 2,331,149,902 | 2,823,810,059 | 1,887,650,024 | 1,492,449,951 | 1,774,199,951 | 1,725,760,010 | 1,260,430,054 | 1,274,900,024 | 1,064,250,000 | 991,940,002 | 1,001,500,000 | 943,849,976 | 867,210,022 | 871,049,988 | 963,570,007 | 944,429,993 | 1,334,079,956 | 1,073,000,000 | 1,163,150,024 | 906,890,015 | 1,007,849,976 | 894,919,983 | 660,619,995 | 477,179,993 | 547,489,990 | 587,849,976 | 678,940,002 | 697,780,029 | 675,630,005 | 586,140,015 | 421,899,994 | 338,670,013 | 266,250,000 | 293,269,989 | 162,210,007 | 100,150,002 | 61,160,000 | 62,150,002 | 50,970,001 | 38,160,000 | 40,490,002 | 40,110,001 | 34,430,000 | 38,630,001 | 45,650,002 | 31,059,999 | 47,009,998 | 39,189,999 | 10,360,000 | |
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNHCR (current US$) | 6,098,975 | 10,139,984 | 25,281,050 | 4,026,744 | 13,019,448 | 13,017,700 | 9,150,000 | 1,920,000 | 4,090,000 | 2,630,000 | 900,000 | 40,000 | 480,000 | 22,120,001 | 27,000,000 | 25,049,999 | 22,370,001 | 1,790,000 | 690,000 | 1,870,000 | 5,370,000 | 2,280,000 | 48,869,999 | 4,850,000 | 2,190,000 | 1,260,000 | 1,290,000 | 1,740,000 | 3,310,000 | 2,020,000 | 5,070,000 | 3,670,000 | 5,370,000 | 5,830,000 | 6,550,000 | 6,490,000 | 6,200,000 | 3,950,000 | 3,290,000 | 2,470,000 | 4,460,000 | 2,980,000 | 3,480,000 | 2,290,000 | 1,360,000 | 780,000 | 630,000 | 490,000 | ||||||||||||||
Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$) | 488,181,000 | 567,706,000 | 516,752,000 | 519,330,000 | 398,299,000 | 580,944,000 | 613,695,000 | 697,092,000 | 535,284,000 | 258,332,000 | 691,032,000 | 607,584,000 | 392,868,000 | 474,371,000 | 408,758,000 | 260,513,000 | 329,884,000 | 387,353,000 | 142,788,000 | 99,557,000 | 133,281,000 | 174,879,000 | 84,712,000 | 167,492,000 | 120,525,000 | 147,777,000 | 172,288,000 | 136,874,000 | 226,101,000 | 173,595,000 | 180,542,000 | 109,941,000 | 131,435,000 | 86,575,000 | 82,605,000 | 31,793,000 | 47,443,000 | 64,147,000 | 95,805,000 | 76,867,000 | 34,416,000 | 38,400,000 | 24,006,000 | 36,378,000 | 28,157,000 | 17,475,000 | 5,674,000 | 3,026,000 | 2,731,000 | 8,078,000 | 9,419,000 | |||||||||||
PPG, IBRD (DOD, current US$) | 0 | 2,865,000 | 5,505,000 | 7,950,000 | 11,425,000 | 15,845,000 | 21,868,000 | 33,788,000 | 55,966,000 | 86,664,000 | 114,432,000 | 139,477,000 | 170,828,000 | 207,748,000 | 242,533,000 | 251,498,000 | 279,373,000 | 324,825,000 | 291,197,000 | 265,747,000 | 206,093,000 | 223,218,000 | 211,136,000 | 210,026,000 | 197,697,000 | 168,255,000 | 138,506,000 | 113,063,000 | 90,104,000 | 80,402,000 | 40,912,000 | 32,859,000 | 24,038,000 | 10,874,000 | 3,719,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United States (current US$) | 605,549,988 | 464,559,998 | 658,669,983 | 597,020,020 | 500,010,010 | 452,549,988 | 509,010,010 | 734,880,005 | 561,780,029 | 532,250,000 | 455,730,011 | 283,649,994 | 246,949,997 | 166,889,999 | 121,580,002 | 93,690,002 | 89,489,998 | 75,160,004 | 85,379,997 | 25,910,000 | 24,520,000 | 26,450,001 | 29,379,999 | 13,000,000 | 13,000,000 | 18,000,000 | 24,000,000 | 24,000,000 | 27,000,000 | 35,000,000 | 39,000,000 | 6,000,000 | 15,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 8,000,000 | 20,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 20,000,000 | 24,000,000 | 30,000,000 | 28,000,000 | 10,000,000 | 16,000,000 | 30,000,000 | 33,000,000 | 33,000,000 | 10,000,000 | 9,000,000 | 7,000,000 | 10,000,000 | 9,000,000 | 8,000,000 | 11,420,000 | 10,600,000 | 9,150,000 | 9,190,000 | 6,000,000 | 4,000,000 | 9,000,000 | 5,000,000 | 300,000 | |
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Hungary (current US$) | 470,000 | 460,000 | 60,000 | 0 | 30,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 9,570,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charges for the use of intellectual property, receipts (BoP, current US$) | 7,983 | 17,106 | 82,600 | 95,000 | 256,978 | 197,676 | 40,000 | 2,680 | 0 | 0 | 122 | 448 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 210,000 | 300,001 | 500,001 | 946,333 | 3,442,121 | 160,066 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net errors and omissions (BoP, current US$) | -644,528,782 | -1,050,508,241 | -617,686,083 | 877,700,730 | 863,797,095 | 1,312,221,422 | 1,153,300,570 | -237,906,407 | -566,311,768 | 644,924,612 | -1,017,870,875 | -247,789,720 | -389,921,670 | 311,802,908 | 376,554,125 | -839,462,589 | -111,617,118 | -306,264,613 | -585,088,686 | -278,666,992 | -486,930,075 | -214,739,737 | -136,781,250 | -68,612,302 | 158,617,745 | 30,042,838 | 121,396,723 | 137,281,949 | 137,660,244 | 1,638,145 | 37,691,325 | -13,467,375 | -61,262,129 | 55,515,836 | -40,077,562 | -39,642,277 | 126,933,252 | -61,722,543 | 58,195,939 | 78,733,072 | -46,641,947 | 23,752,172 | 2,389,470 | 63,813,082 | -11,069,239 | |||||||||||||||||
Goods imports (BoP, current US$) | 7,888,959,226 | 8,793,072,660 | 8,483,088,863 | 7,551,706,464 | 8,463,634,731 | 9,843,050,677 | 10,917,798,123 | 11,029,118,698 | 10,319,134,708 | 9,827,484,000 | 7,165,517,771 | 5,834,146,861 | 7,012,313,968 | 4,860,636,642 | 3,864,107,447 | 2,997,570,097 | 2,482,838,742 | 1,933,462,631 | 1,511,324,749 | 1,560,343,485 | 1,367,602,534 | 1,415,401,758 | 1,365,327,682 | 1,164,446,659 | 1,213,129,839 | 1,340,000,463 | 1,309,306,466 | 1,304,018,956 | 1,335,163,612 | 1,229,910,464 | 1,186,326,485 | 1,070,123,445 | 1,032,972,325 | 1,000,492,528 | 913,327,567 | 869,202,740 | 760,254,377 | 708,440,590 | 951,997,063 | 1,061,265,305 | 1,089,111,226 | 960,735,095 | 992,472,819 | 646,744,512 | 555,703,120 | |||||||||||||||||
Average precipitation in depth (mm per year) | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | 1,071 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land) | 16 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||||
Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services (1=low to 5=high) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liner shipping connectivity index (maximum value in 2004 = 100) | 16 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Methodology assessment of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100) | 30 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 50 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CPIA financial sector rating (1=low to 6=high) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Public private partnerships investment in energy (current US$) | 1,200,000 | 8,500,000 | 134,100,000 | 28,400,000 | 32,000,000 | 316,000,000 | 127,000,000 | 6,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Start-up procedures to register a business, female (number) | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost to import, border compliance (US$) | 1,350 | 1,350 | 1,350 | 1,350 | 1,350 | 1,350 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Firms using banks to finance investment (% of firms) | 19 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ease of doing business rank (1=most business-friendly regulations) | 141 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense (current LCU) | 18,807,971,308,892 | 18,688,412,583,567 | 14,486,800,000,000 | 14,029,816,788,000 | 13,282,165,598,000 | 10,823,302,734,000 | 8,735,772,063,300 | 7,759,642,189,000 | 5,894,653,939,000 | 5,894,653,939,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other taxes (current LCU) | 457,243,600,000 | 469,533,900,000 | 442,767,400,000 | 323,001,000,000 | 338,243,700,000 | 275,067,000,000 | 229,229,400,000 | 637,510,000,000 | 515,594,000,000 | 515,594,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -3 | -1 | -2 | -2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+) | 59 | 52 | 45 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Broad money growth (annual %) | 6 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 19 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 25 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 35 | 13 | 18 | 26 | 34 | 15 | 19 | 11 | 13 | 8 | 33 | 35 | 39 | 41 | 30 | 42 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 28 | 30 | 4 | 18 | 20 | 18 | 27 | 47 | 13 | 20 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 9 | 17 | 14 | ||||||||
Depositors with commercial banks (per 1,000 adults) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mammal species, threatened | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PM2.5 pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO Interim Target-1 value (% of total) | 19 | 19 | 15 | 17 | 26 | 23 | 17 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 15 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990) | 148 | 147 | 147 | 144 | 112 | 113 | 76 | 184 | 133 | 174 | 93 | 107 | 127 | 66 | 201 | -20 | -16 | -4 | -9 | -20 | 27 | -14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 497 | 495 | 493 | 478 | 466 | 456 | 457 | 455 | 452 | 448 | 441 | 427 | 423 | 413 | 402 | 390 | 376 | 361 | 367 | 372 | 365 | 371 | 373 | 381 | 386 | 390 | 393 | 398 | 403 | 405 | 409 | 414 | 418 | 425 | 432 | 440 | 450 | 458 | 473 | 483 | 498 | 516 | 530 | 542 | ||||||||||||||||||
Electric power transmission and distribution losses (% of output) | 18 | 19 | 19 | 23 | 20 | 36 | 19 | 22 | 27 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 16 | 24 | 22 | 22 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 13 | 20 | 29 | 21 | 22 | 20 | 24 | 23 | 26 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 18 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||
Debt service (PPG and IMF only, % of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 14 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 17 | 18 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 26 | 39 | 39 | 31 | 32 | 28 | 34 | 30 | 33 | 20 | 26 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 5 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Net official flows from UN agencies, WHO (current US$) | 1,388,477 | 1,604,638 | 2,800,622 | 2,675,444 | 1,597,747 | 2,251,975 | 1,413,094 | 1,585,590 | 1,430,138 | 1,350,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PPG, private creditors (NFL, current US$) | -269,442,000 | 905,872,000 | 178,180,000 | 175,404,000 | -250,629,000 | -27,665,000 | -12,701,000 | 794,182,000 | 221,710,000 | 355,832,000 | 8,170,000 | 29,216,000 | 2,297,000 | 10,973,000 | 19,084,000 | 5,142,000 | 19,244,000 | -17,726,000 | -16,982,000 | -11,511,000 | -12,331,000 | -13,762,000 | -17,631,000 | -15,819,000 | 18,469,000 | 2,262,000 | 18,306,000 | -44,522,000 | -7,645,000 | 5,532,000 | 26,300,000 | 27,274,000 | 37,943,000 | 68,379,000 | 46,604,000 | 32,775,000 | 23,012,000 | 27,209,000 | 76,058,000 | 84,464,000 | 65,066,000 | 55,320,000 | 30,022,000 | 22,248,000 | 2,341,000 | 1,824,000 | 422,000 | 267,000 | 4,441,000 | 5,600,000 | ||||||||||||
Net official flows from UN agencies, IFAD (current US$) | -7,615,885 | 7,092,604 | 795,790 | 25,069,666 | 11,306,461 | 5,657,853 | 2,790,000 | 8,400,000 | 18,830,000 | 20,080,000 | 13,250,000 | 33,410,000 | 14,770,000 | 14,320,000 | 6,130,000 | 8,200,000 | 8,280,000 | 7,040,000 | 5,590,000 | 6,540,000 | 5,510,000 | 5,790,000 | 7,610,000 | 7,720,000 | 6,200,000 | 5,480,000 | 4,550,000 | 3,580,000 | 540,000 | 950,000 | 380,000 | 490,000 | 1,530,000 | 320,000 | 770,000 | 1,040,000 | 1,490,000 | 1,640,000 | 2,390,000 | 1,260,000 | 900,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$) | 17,619,055,001 | 16,843,353,909 | 15,300,170,295 | 14,550,788,330 | 13,091,392,312 | 12,482,624,930 | 11,409,429,236 | 10,180,597,501 | 7,884,685,059 | 6,649,686,003 | 5,697,953,703 | 4,728,955,281 | 3,760,782,240 | 3,209,774,286 | 2,474,341,533 | 6,484,734,179 | 6,547,560,094 | 6,022,217,197 | 6,011,955,021 | 5,543,276,876 | 5,986,243,859 | 6,567,038,493 | 6,328,374,919 | 6,016,238,947 | 6,106,405,673 | 6,210,766,831 | 6,130,774,373 | 5,805,604,412 | 5,861,406,656 | 5,803,274,409 | 5,773,563,498 | 5,278,905,985 | 5,251,949,644 | 4,835,387,668 | 4,425,241,300 | 4,634,577,895 | 3,995,432,131 | 3,969,820,603 | 3,723,451,439 | 3,659,567,364 | 3,300,013,469 | 2,793,016,063 | 3,016,681,649 | 2,564,194,295 | 2,070,620,492 | 1,867,951,713 | 1,667,753,125 | 1,537,057,800 | 1,282,103,633 | 1,143,689,697 | 173,359,340 | |||||||||||
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Portugal (current US$) | 30,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 70,000 | 70,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Spain (current US$) | 1,210,000 | 750,000 | 830,000 | 660,000 | 830,000 | 430,000 | 1,010,000 | 430,000 | 1,580,000 | 5,450,000 | 3,210,000 | 25,080,000 | 3,360,000 | 7,990,000 | 3,870,000 | 4,050,000 | 5,760,000 | 2,450,000 | 310,000 | 1,860,000 | 290,000 | 1,380,000 | 2,910,000 | 5,100,000 | 3,910,000 | 1,260,000 | 440,000 | 430,000 | 1,570,000 | 1,840,000 | 6,570,000 | 4,610,000 | 500,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary income receipts (BoP, current US$) | 111,189,493 | 212,449,882 | 155,941,070 | 125,347,043 | 98,532,390 | 110,280,132 | 118,366,094 | 130,096,088 | 131,053,357 | 184,200,000 | 160,064,999 | 161,136,297 | 122,677,555 | 107,317,985 | 80,312,334 | 80,921,587 | 81,757,381 | 87,092,900 | 67,930,720 | 55,303,000 | 50,300,093 | 43,100,054 | 35,009,791 | 44,857,034 | 50,262,367 | 31,767,946 | 30,900,797 | 21,888,894 | 8,172,435 | 7,916,684 | 5,859,858 | 5,398,359 | 3,172,458 | 5,944,568 | 9,511,280 | 2,518,267 | 1,634,815 | 1,705,140 | 2,800,942 | 10,864,962 | 14,030,222 | 11,561,925 | 19,061,080 | 11,098,768 | 7,401,416 | |||||||||||||||||
Current account balance (% of GDP) | -2 | -2 | -4 | -3 | -6 | -9 | -10 | -11 | -9 | -13 | -7 | -6 | -9 | -8 | -6 | -6 | -3 | -1 | 0 | -4 | -3 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -11 | -14 | -21 | -16 | -15 | -13 | -8 | -7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trade in services (% of GDP) | 6 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 24 | 26 | 20 | 24 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$) | 6,066,070,723 | 4,760,921,254 | 3,668,149,537 | 3,853,447,853 | 4,770,068,374 | 5,886,836,126 | 5,728,380,733 | 4,432,546,119 | 5,569,056,128 | 4,751,528,561 | 4,055,606,605 | 2,979,840,916 | 3,128,677,005 | 2,144,836,724 | 1,870,801,633 | 1,674,396,618 | 1,470,521,346 | 1,133,039,224 | 900,453,345 | 773,964,394 | 733,806,399 | 621,527,385 | 588,421,366 | 619,814,161 | 763,463,133 | 697,083,249 | 542,695,744 | 470,683,839 | 474,261,973 | 412,972,088 | 415,347,565 | 256,278,000 | 275,072,000 | 290,040,000 | 344,777,000 | 283,761,000 | 376,688,000 | 371,326,000 | 446,392,000 | 568,056,000 | 510,789,000 | 539,104,000 | 453,844,000 | 500,859,000 | 492,756,000 | 391,810,000 | 420,110,000 | 340,761,000 | 319,638,000 | 280,807,000 | 260,492,000 | 245,578,000 | 240,208,000 | 219,700,000 | 235,400,000 | 177,000,000 | 197,600,000 | 179,500,000 | 147,400,000 | 138,200,000 | 154,200,000 | |
Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports) | 13 | 14 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 9 | 20 | 19 | 8 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | |
Import unit value index (2015 = 100) | 104 | 103 | 106 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 123 | 125 | 128 | 129 | 109 | 101 | 113 | 98 | 90 | 84 | 76 | 69 | 64 | 63 | 65 | 71 | 82 | 99 | 69 | 65 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 63 | 61 | 59 | 47 | 35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Binding coverage, all products (%) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
International tourism, receipts for passenger transport items (current US$) | 20,100,000 | 16,000,000 | 15,000,000 | 17,000,000 | 22,000,000 | 37,000,000 | 59,000,000 | 41,000,000 | 30,000,000 | 24,000,000 | 32,000,000 | 4,000,000 | 16,000,000 | 36,000,000 | 11,000,000 | 16,000,000 | 7,000,000 | 4,000,000 | 11,000,000 | 4,000,000 | 3,000,000 | 5,000,000 | 4,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Completeness of birth registration, male (%) | 28 | 20 | 17 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population ages 75-79, male (% of male population) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Population ages 15-64, male (% of male population) | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 |
Population ages 00-04, male (% of male population) | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 38 | 34 | 26 | 28 | 25 | 18 | 20 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net migration | -200,381 | -250,435 | -500,853 | -300,523 | -400,706 | 584,095 | 68,117 | 35,062 | -25,040 | 120,202 | 36,058 | 25,040 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unemployment with basic education (% of total labor force with basic education) | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Part time employment, female (% of total female employment) | 45 | 45 | 6 | 40 | 44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Labor force with advanced education, male (% of male working-age population with advanced education) | 29 | 97 | 67 | 97 | 83 | 95 | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children in employment, work only, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14) | 28 | 24 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children in employment, self-employed (% of children in employment, ages 7-14) | 2 | 7 | 56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) | 16 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Survey mean consumption or income per capita, total population (2011 PPP $ per day) | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Poverty gap at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (%) | 36 | 37 | 44 | 65 | 52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 30 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 33 | 31 | 29 | 27 | 24 | 20 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proportion of population spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height, male (% of children under 5) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
People using safely managed sanitation services, rural (% of rural population) | 22 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age, male (% of children under 5) | 16 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 24 | 28 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, male (per 100,000 male population) | 143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 49 | 51 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 58 | 60 | 63 | 65 | 68 | 72 | 75 | 80 | 84 | 89 | 94 | 100 | 107 | 114 | 122 | 130 | 137 | 143 | 149 | 153 | 156 | 158 | 160 | 162 | 164 | 166 | 168 | 171 | 174 | 176 | 178 | 178 | 178 | 178 | 177 | 178 | 180 | 183 | 187 | 191 | 196 | 200 | 204 | 208 | 212 | 215 | 218 | 222 | 225 | 228 | 231 | 233 | 236 | 238 | 240 | 242 | |
Number of deaths ages 5-9 years | 16,570 | 16,610 | 16,606 | 16,536 | 16,343 | 16,057 | 15,618 | 15,087 | 14,498 | 13,913 | 13,415 | 13,009 | 12,685 | 12,495 | 12,444 | 12,535 | 12,727 | 12,991 | 13,300 | 13,609 | 13,916 | 14,307 | 14,663 | 14,979 | 15,229 | 15,361 | 15,440 | 15,358 | 15,142 | 14,856 | 14,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, male (% of 24 hour day) | 4 | 5 |